The results of a Helen Foundation 2,428-person study using patient self-administration of cortisol (Microdose TherapyTM) were published in the Journal of Inflammation Research in 2019. The results averaged 76% improvement across a wide range of inflammatory disorders where n = number of persons with each disorder, see Table 1 next (click to view the study HERE). These results are 2 to 3 times superior to those of the best other modern treatments for these disorders, see Table 2.
Table 1. Symptom improvement using patient self-administration of cortisol (Microdose TherapyTM) for a wide range of disorders
| Disorder | n | Relief % |
|---|---|---|
| Acid Reflux | 1 | 100 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 3 | 60 |
| Arthritis, undifferentiated | 226 | 76 |
| Asthma | 11 | 68 |
| Back pain | 75 | 70 |
| Bowel inflammation | 1 | 100 |
| Bursitis | 6 | 79 |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome | 5 | 86 |
| Chronic fatigue syndrome | 25 | 78 |
| Crohn’s disease | 5 | 92 |
| Dementia, undifferentiated | 1 | 86 |
| Dementia, multiple sclerosis | 1 | 67 |
| Dementia, Parkinson’s disease | 22 | 67 |
| Dementia, rheumatoid arthritis | 1 | 92 |
| Eye inflammation | 1 | 85 |
| Eczema | 1 | 77 |
| Fibromyalgia | 601 | 77 |
| Headache | 3 | 84 |
| Headache, migraine | 21 | 86 |
| Irritable bowel syndrome | 6 | 71 |
| Meniere’s disease | 1 | 69 |
| Multiple sclerosis | 19 | 67 |
| Myofascial syndrome | 1 | 73 |
| Nervous system symptoms | 3 | 63 |
| Neuropathy | 25 | 74 |
| Osteoarthritis | 579 | 77 |
| Parkinson’s disease | 51 | 62 |
| Polymyalgia rheumatica | 44 | 80 |
| Post traumatic stress disorder | 2 | 71 |
| Psoriatic arthritis | 6 | 63 |
| Restless leg syndrome | 1 | 47 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 248 | 78 |
| Scoliosis | 1 | 100 |
| Sjogren’s syndrome | 1 | 69 |
| Spinal stenosis | 4 | 78 |
| Lupus | 9 | 60 |
| Urinary tract inflammation | 3 | 58 |
| Vertigo | 3 | 75 |
Table 2. Improvement using Microdose TherapyTM vs. best competing modern treatments for the same disorders (others).
| Microdose TherapyTM Effectiveness | Others Effectiveness |
|---|---|
| Dementia – 67% | None – 0 % |
| Fibromyalgia – 77% | Duloxetine – 17-30% Pregabalin – 26-31% Milnacipran – 35-42% |
| Multiple sclerosis – 67% | Glatiramer – 16% |
| Osteoarthritis – 77% | Celecoxib – est. 25% |
| Parkinson’s disease – 62% | Levodopa – 7-29% |
| Rheumatoid arthritis – 78% | Etanercept – 8-51% Infliximab – 23-47% Adalimumab – 41-61% |
Conclusion: Microdose TherapyTM results are 2 to 3 times superior to those of the best other modern treatments.
Professor Stenberg’s Peer-Reviewed Research
For decades Professor Stenberg has been on the leading edge of research and development for advancing pain relief for patients with inflammatory conditions. The following is a list of associated research publications:
Dr. V. I. Stenberg, Professor Emeritus of Chemistry, UND, Published Articles
Microdose Therapy™ Related
| Title | Authors | Year | Publication | Summary Intro |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endocrine control of inflammation: rheumatoid arthritis double-blind, crossover clinical trial. | VI Stenberg, JJ Fiechtner, JR Rice… | 1992 | … journal of clinical … | A dysfunction in the endocrine control system for inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis serves as the theoretical basis for chronic inflammation in the study design described. Eighteen … |
| Negative endocrine control system for inflammation in rats | VI Stenberg, MG Bouley, BM Katz, KJ Lee… | 1990 | – Agents and Actions | Inflammatory processes may be suppressed by endogenous mechanisms such as release of adrenocorticosteroid hormones through stimulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal … |
| General theory of inflammation: patient self-administration of hydrocortisone safely achieves superior control of hydrocortisone-responding disorders by matching … | JB Irwin, AL Baldwin, VI Stenberg | 2019 | Journal of Inflammation …, | Objective To determine if patient self-administration of hydrocortisone will safely achieve superior symptom control for all hydrocortisone-responding disorders as it does for … |
| [HTML] Safe Use of Cortisol for Inflammation Disorders | VI Stenberg, AL Baldwin | 2023 | intechopen.com | Abstract In 1992, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis was proposed to be the inflammation control system of the body. The cortisol pulse that emanates from this axis … |
Additional Articles and Publications
| Title | Authors | Year | Publication | Summary Intro |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [BOOK] Chemistry of lignite liquefaction | VI Stenberg | 1960 | search.proquest.com | “vided a challenge to the chemist and has generated considerable interest in recent years. Because a fair number of compounds have already been synthesized, chemical correlation …” |
| Podocarpic acid derivatives. Synthesis of nimbiol | E Wenkert, VI Stenberg, P Beak | 1961 | Journal of the American … | The conversion of podocarpic acid into O-methylpodocarpane and the latter’s transformation into several hydrophenan-thrones and a bicyclic ketoacid are described. Attempts to convert … |
| Naphthalene as a Photoquencher | VI Stenberg, RJ Perkins | 1962 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | “Upon irradiation of naphthalene and excess maleic anhydride in tetrahydrofuran, no photoad-duct was found. Naphthalene was recovered quan-titatively and the maleic …” |
| Oxidation of 1,4-Diols to Lactones1 | VI Stenberg, RJ Perkins | 1963 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | The Journal of Organic Chemistry |
| Photoinduced Condensations of Nitroaromatics | VI Stenberg, DJ Holter | 1964 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | November, 1964 uct. The separation of the two required careful alumina chromatography. Nmr, ultraviolet, and infrared spectra analysis along with molecular weight determination … |
The photoanilide rearrangement | D Elad, DV Rao, VI Stenberg | 1965 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | Science, Rehovoth, Israel, and Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand |
| [PDF] NORTH DAKOTA ACADEMY OF SC| ENCE | VI Stenberg, W Whitman, FD Holland Jr | 1966 | Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Science | |
| [CITATION] Photo-Fries Reaction and Related Rearrangements | VI Stenberg | 1967 | Organic Photochemistry | |
Role of charge-transfer complexes in the photooxidation of ethers with oxygen | VI Stenberg, RD Olson, CT Wang… | 1967 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | In this paper, we wish to report our work on the same reaction in the absence of |
| Photochemical oxidations. II. Rate and product formation studies on the photochemical oxidation of ethers | N Kulevsky, CT Wang, VI Stenberg | 1969 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | The rates of oxygen uptake during the photochemical oxidation of ethers have been determined. The rates correlate with the orders of basicity of acyclic and cyclic ethers to … |
| Photochemical oxidations—IV. The photooxidation of cyclohexane with oxygen | …, LD GRINA, VI STENBERG | 1970 | Photochemistry and … | For the photooxidation of cyclohexane, data on the rates of formation of cyclohexanol (I), cyclohexanone (II), and cyclohexylhydroperoxide (III) are presented. There are induction … |
| Photoalkylation of pyridine with methanol | EF Travecedo, VI Stenberg | 1970 | Journal of the Chemical Society D … | Pyridine is photoalkylated in acid methanol solutions to yield 2-and 4-methylpyridines (I and II), 1-(2-pyridyl)-2-(4-pyridyl) ethane (III), and 1, 2-di-(4-pyridyl) ethane (IV). |
| [CITATION] Nitrogen photochemistry VIII. Photodecarbamation a new reaction on physostigmine | EF Travecedo, VI Stenberg | 1970 | Tetrahedron Letters | Neither benzophenone nor acetone was effective as a sensitizer for the formation of II though the decomposition of I was greatly enhanced. Quenching studies with biacetyl and … |
| Photochemical oxidations. III. Photochemical and thermal behavior of. alpha.-hydroperoxytetrahydrofuran and its implications concerning the mechanism of … | VI Stenberg, CT Wang, N Kulevsky | 1970 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | The suspected intermediate peroxide in the photooxidation reaction of tetrahydrofuran (THF) was synthesized, and its thermal and photochemical behavior was studied.. Liquid-phase … |
Nitrogen photochemistry. IV. Photochemical reduction of the cinchona alkaloids, quinine, quinidine, cinchonidine, and cinchonine | VI Stenberg, EF Travecedo | 1970 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | The cinchona alkaloids cited in the title undergo a new type of photoreduction to the |
| The Quantitative Determination of Hydroperoxides, Alcohols, and Ketones in Hydrocarbon Solvents | PV Sneeringer, VI Stenberg | 1971 | Analytical Letters | Iodometric titration with the dead stop endpoint was used to determine the amount of alkylhydroperoxides in an oxidation reaction mixture composed of the hydrocarbon starting … |
| Catalytic dehydrator for rapid acetal and ketal synthesis | VI Stenberg, GF Vesley, D Kubik | 1971 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | The catalytic dehydrator, 1 composed of an acid polymer and a drying agent, has been employed for the synthesis of 1-butanol-ethylene glycol acetal, 2-propyl-l, 3-dioxolane (I) … |
| The Interferometer as a Detector for Liquid Chromatography | M Bakken, VI Stenberg | 1971 | Journal of Chromatographic Science | The interferometer has been adapted as the basis of an LC detector. Equipment was designed and constructed to convert the fringe pattern visual output into an electronic … |
| Catalytic dehydrator for rapid ester synthesis | VI Stenberg, GF Vesley | 1971 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | Reaction Acid ratio, polymer: acid: alcohol dehydrator Acid Yield, Run Alcohol Solvent(v/v) Time(g/g)//total polymer±5% 1 Methanol 1: 10 10 min a 67 2 Methanol 1: 10 14 hr a 82 3 … |
| Nitrogen photochemistry—VI: The photoreduction of hydroxymethylpyridines | VI Stenberg, EF Travecedo | 1971 | Tetrahedron | The irradiation of 2-and 4-(hydroxymethyl) pyridines in aqueous acid-2-propanol solutions provides the corresponding methylpyridines and 1, 2-dipyridylethanes. Only retarded … |
| Nitrogen photochemistry. Novel synthesis of imines from dialkylamines | CH Niu, VI Stenberg | 1971 | Journal of the Chemical Society D: Chemical … | Nitrogen Photochemistry. Novel Synthesis of Imines from Dialkylamines .. .. . , .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Page 1 1430 CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS, 1971 Nitrogen Photochemistry. Novel Synthesis of … |
| Excited state theory and the photochemistry of benzene compounds | VI Stenberg, DR Dutton | 1972 | Tetrahedron | The S1ππ* and T1ππ* excited states of substituted benzene compounds is described in terms of a set of resonant, valence bond structures. The derivation is principally based on … |
| Photochemical oxidations. V. Concerted vs. radical stepwise addition of oxygen to the carbon-hydrogen bond of hydrocarbons | …, PV Sneeringer, VI Stenberg | 1972 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | The stereochemistry of the initial stage of thephotooxidation of hydrocarbons was studied. During this stage, the reaction products originate directly from the excitation of a contact … |
| PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATIONS—VI. THE NATURE OF THE DONOR SITE IN THE OXYGEN‐HYDROCARBON CONTACT CHARGE‐TRANSFER COMPLEX | VI Stenberg, PV Sneeringer, C Niu | 1972 | – Photochemistry and … | Two sets of experiments, designed to determine whether the C—C or C—H bonds of hydrocarbons act as the donor site in the contact charge‐transfer complex between oxygen … |
| Photochemical oxidations. VII. Photooxidation of cyclohexylamine with oxygen | N Kulevsky, CH Niu, VI Stenberg | 1973 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | The presence of a charge-transfer ultraviolet absorption band for an oxygen-saturated cyclohexylamine solution has been reconfirmed. The absorption of light by thisband causes … |
| Nitrogen photochemistry. Deoxygenation of aniline and naphthylamine N-oxides | VI Stenberg, JE Schiller | 1973 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | formed, and dimethylformanide was identified as a secondary product from the irradiation of solid tri-methylamine N-oxide dihydrate. In methanol solu-tion, the irradiation of … |
| Nitrogen photochemistry. XI. Liquid phase irradiation of primary aliphatic amines | VI Stenberg, N Kulevsky, CH Niu | 1973 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | Nitrogen photochemistry. XI. Liquid phase irradiation of primary aliphatic amines Page 1 Notes J. Org. Chem., Vol. No. Registry No.-l, 30681-63-1; 2, 37931-42-3; 3, 37931-43-4; 4 … |
| Catalytic dehydrator. Simplified isolation procedure for acetals and ketals | VI Stenberg, DA Kubik | 1974 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry, | Uncorrected. 6 The melting points were determined using a Reichert hot stage apparatus and are uncorrected.= Satisfactory elemental analysis was obtained for all new aldehydes … |
| Anticonvulsant activity of N,N′‐bis[3‐(3‐substituted urea)propyl]piperazines | …, JP Barthwal, SS Parmar, VI Stenberg | 1975 | The Journal of Pharaceutical Sciences | Abstract Several N, N′‐bis [3‐(3‐substituted urea) propyl] piperazines were synthesized and characterized by their sharp melting points, elemental analyses, and IR spectra. All … |
| Nitrogen photochemistry. Excited state theory predictions and amine oxides | VI Stenberg, JE Schiller | 1975 | Journal of the American Chemical … | On applying the concepts of the recently proposed excited state resonance theory to the amine oxides, several predictions result. As illustrated below, these are (1) the bond rupture … |
| Analgesic activity of substituted benzylidinohydrazines. | …, TK Gupta, SS Parmar, VI Stenberg | 1975 | … in Chemical Pathology … | Sixteen substitued benzylidinohydrazines were evaluated for morphine-like analgesic activity by mouse tail-pinch test while aconitine-induced writhing test in mice was used to … |
| Synthesis of substituted benzylidinohydrazines and their monoamine oxidase inhibitory and anticonvulsant properties | SS Parmar, AK Gupta, TK Gupta, VI Stenberg | 1975 | Journal of Pharmaceutical … | Abstract Some N 1‐(4‐acetamidobenzoyl)‐N 2‐(substituted phenyl carboxylate) benzylidinohydrazines were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their ability to … |
| An improved synthesis of norcocaine | VI Stenberg, NK Narain, SP Singh… | 1976 | Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry | An improved, high yielding procedure for the preparation of norcocaine from cocaine is described. The synthesis is accomplished by controlling the pH during the potassium … |
| Synthesis of substituted thiobenzoxazoles/benzothiazoles: Inhibition of cellular respiratory and monoamine oxidase activities and anticonvulsant property | …, JP Barthwal, SS Parmar, SP Singh, VI Stenberg | 1976 | Journal of … | Abstract Several 2‐(substituted alkoxy/hydrazinocarbonyl acetanilidothio) benzoxazoles/ benzothiazoles were synthesized and characterized by their sharp melting points, elemental … |
| Catalytic hydrogenation of solvent-refined lignite to liquid fuels | …, RJ Baltisberger, M Govek, VI Stenberg | 1976 | Energy … | Solvent-refined lignite (SRL) can be produced by treating lignite (not dried) with CO-H2, donor solvent and high temperature. This reactive black solid softens at about 150° C, is … |
| Protection of carrageenin edema and trypsin hydrolysis of bovine serum albumin by naphthylthiosemicarbazides and their cyclized oxadiazoles | …, S Kumar, NK Narain, SS Parma, VI Stenberg | 1976 | Pharmacology | Abstract Seven l-(naphth-1-ylacetyl)-4-substituted thiosemicarbazides were synthesized and cyclized to the corresponding 2-(naphth-1-ylmethyl)-5-arylamino-1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles. All … |
| Novel photochemical demethylation of cocaine and related compounds | VI Stenberg, SP Singh, NK Narian… | 1976 | Journal of the Chemical … | The bezoate chromophore activation of the bicyclic-N-methylamines, cocaine, p-toluoyl-(–)- ecgonine methyl ester, benzoltropine, and benzoylpseudotropine, during irradiation resulted … |
| Antihemolytic and antiproteolytic properties of substituted thiosemicarbazidophenothiazines and thiazolidonylphenothiazines | …, S Kumar, SP Singh, SS Parmar, VI Stenberg | 1976 | Journal of … | Antihemolytic and antiproteolytic properties of several 10‐(1‐acetyl‐4‐ arylthiosemicarbazido) phenothiazines and their corresponding cyclized 10‐(2‐arylimino‐3 … |
| [BOOK] Chemistry of lignite liquefaction | VI Stenberg | 1976 | books.google.com | Page 1 1.28: RIMENTO ENE CHEMISTRY OF LIGNITE LIQUEFACTION Quarterly Report, January-March 1978 By Virgil I. Stenberg Richard J. Baltisberger Kenneth J. Klabunde Neil F |
| Anti‐inflammatory and antiproteolytic properties of 1‐(1‐naphthylacetyl)‐3‐substituted carbamides | V Kishore, S Kumar, SS Parmar, VI Stenberg | 1976 | Journal of Pharmaceutical … | Abstract Several 1‐(1‐naphthylacetyl)‐3‐substituted carbamides were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for anti‐inflammatory and antiproteolytic activity. The … |
| 3-Naphthyl-4-Quinazolone Infrared and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Band Assignments | VI Stenberg, NK Narain, N Srivastava | 1976 | Spectroscopy Letters | The ir and nmr spectra of 24 3-naphthyl-4-quinazolones were examined. There are three principal ir bands in the 1500 and 1705 cm− 1 region of the spectra. The first at 1685–1705 … |
| Synthesis of Substituted Anilino-(3-methoxy-4-substituted Acetoxy) b enzylidenes and Their Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitory and Anticonvulsant Properties | SP Singh, A Chaudhari, VI Stenberg… | 1976 | Journal of Pharmaceutical … | Abstract Several substituted anilino‐(3‐methoxy‐4‐substituted acetoxy) benzylidenes were synthesized and characterized by their sharp melting points and elemental analyses. All … |
| [BOOK] Chemistry of lignite liquefaction | VI Stenberg | 1976 | books.google.com | Page 1 1.28: RIMENTO ENE CHEMISTRY OF LIGNITE LIQUEFACTION Quarterly Report, January-March 1978 By Virgil I. Stenberg Richard J. Baltisberger Kenneth J. Klabunde Neil F |
| Chemistry of lignite liquefaction. Quarterly report, July–September 1976.[NiO–MoO/sub 3/–TiO/sub 2/; MoO/sub 3/–NiO–TiO/sub 2/–SiO/sub 2/; MoO/sub 3/–NiO–ZrO … | VI Stenberg | 1976 | osti.gov | Studies in the separation of the major groups of SRL are now discontinued due to reaction of the ion exchange resin with the solvent, non-quantitative recovery of the sample from the ion … |
| Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of colchicine | SP Singh, SS Parmar, VI Stenberg… | 1977 | Spectroscopy Letters | Abstract 13C NMR chemical shifts of tropolone, tropolone methyl ether and colchicine are reported. The various carbon resonances have been assigned on the basis of substituent … |
| Photochemical oxidation of alcohols using ferric chloride | VI Stenberg, SP Singh, NK Narain… | 1977 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | We wish to report quantitative measurements on the formation of aldehydes and ketones during the photochemical oxidation of alcohols by ferric chloride. 1 From thestandpoint of … |
| An unusual magnetic equivalence in the proton magnetic resonance of dialkylbenzamides | VI Stenberg, SP Singh, NK Narain | 1977 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | 13C NMR spectra were measured at 25.15 MHz with a JEOL JNM PS-100 spectrometer interfacedwith a Nova 1200 computer. 16 Compounds 8-10 were run in CDCR solutionwith … |
| Comparison of solvent-refined lignites with solvent-refined bituminous coals | RJ Baltisberger, KJ Klabunde, VI Stenberg… | 1977 | ACS Publications | Comparison of SRL and SRC Introduction. A considerable amount of work is currently being conducted on solvent refining of bituminous coals. The resulting solvent refined coal (SRC) … |
| Solvent Effect on Cocaine and Methyl Benzoate Phosphorescence | VI Stenberg, SP Singh, NK Narain | 1977 | Spectroscopy Letters | In polar, nonhydrogen-bonding solvents, cocaine’s phosphorescence differs from that of its model compound, methyl benzoate, in what can be attributed to an amine-benzoate charge … |
| Nitrogen photochemistry. A time dependent photooxidation of alcohols by aromatic nitro compounds | VI Stenberg, DA Kubik, GF Vesley | 1977 | The Journal of … | Results The quantum yields of product formation for the 1-pro-panol-trinitrobenzene, 2- propanol-nitrobenzene, and 1-propanol-nitrobenzene solutions were found to decrease with … |
Carbon‐13 and nitrogen‐15 nuclear magnetic resonance of physostigmine (eserine) | VI Stenberg, NK Narain, SP Singh… | 1977 | – Journal of … | 407 Carbon-13 and Nitrogen-15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of |
| Carbon‐13 magnetic resonance spectra of the tropane alkaloids: Cocaine and atropine | VI Stenberg, NK Narain… | 1977 | Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry | Carbon‐13 magnetic resonance spectra of the tropane alkaloids: Cocaine and atropine |
| Fourier transform 13C NMR analysis of benzodiazepines | …, SS Parmar, SA Farnum, VI Stenberg | 1978 | Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry | The natural abundance carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of diazepam, clonazepam, flurazepam and chlordiazepoxide were recorded in suitable solvent using the … |
| Carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of potent antimalarials: Primaquine and chloroquine | …, SS Parmar, VI Stenberg | 1978 | Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry | Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Potent Antimalarials: Primaquine and Chloroquine. |
| Carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of methaqualone | SP Singh, SS Parmar, VI Stenberg… | 1978 | Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry | Abstract 13C nmr chemical shifts of methaqualone, 2‐methyl‐3‐propyl‐4‐quinazolone, 2‐methyl‐3‐phenyl‐4‐quinazolone and their precursor, acetanthranil, are reported. The … |
| Carbon monoxide-hydrogen-water: reduction of anthracene, dihydroanthracene, and quinoline | VI Stenberg, J Wang, RJ Baltisberger… | 1978 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | (18) X-ray structure determination of 5 was done by P. Rafferty, BM Benjamin, VF Raaen, WE Thiessen, and CK Johnson, Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and will |
| Carbon monoxide-hydrogen-water: reduction of benzophenone, diphenylcarbinol, and diphenylmethane | …, KJ Klabunde, NF Woolsey, VI Stenberg | 1978 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | A mixture of carbon monoxide and water is regarded to be superior to hydrogen as a reducing agent for the liquefac-tion of lignite. 1-5 How carbon monoxide functions in the lig … |
| Carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of isoquinoline alkaloids | SP Singh, SS Parmar, VI Stenberg… | 1978 | Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry | The 13C nmr ehemieal shifts of 1, 2, 3, 4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline, salsolidine and laudanosine are reported. The various carbon resonances have been assigned on the basis … |
| Comparison of solvent-refined lignite with solvent-refined bituminous coals | …, KJ Klabunde, K Saito, W Sukalski, VI Stenberg… | 1978 | Fuel | Comparison of laboratory-deashed samples of solvent-refined lignite, subbituminous and bituminous coals on the basis of gross combustion analysis, acid and basic titres, molecular … |
| Excited State Theory: Monosubstituted Benzenes Fluorescence and Phosphorescence | VI Stenberg, SP Singh, PJ Kothari | 1978 | Spectroscopy Letters | The fluorescence and phosphorescence band positions of mono substituted benzenes are recorded at 77° K in four solvents, and the band maxima are correlated with substituent … |
| Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrum of Quinacrine | SP Singh, SS Parmar, VI Stenberg | 1978 | Spectroscopy … | The natural abundance carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of quinacrine was determined using the pulse Fourier transform technique. The chemical shift of various … |
| Fourier Transform 13C NMR Analysis of Biotin | SP Singh, VI Stenberg, SA Farnum… | 1978 | Spectroscopy … | The natural abundance carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of biotin was recorded using the pulse Fourier transform technique. The chemical shifts of various carbon … |
| Catalytic activities and selectivities of MoO3 NiSO4 supported on various oxides for hydrocracking of solvent refined lignite: Novel low surface area active catalysts | …, NF Woolsey, RJ Baltisberger, VI Stenberg | 1978 | Fuel Processing … | The hydrocracking of solvent refined lignite (SRL) was studied over MoO 3 NiSO 4 catalysts supported on TiO 2 ZrO 2, TiO 2 SiO 2 and three kinds of aluminas at 450° C … |
| Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Substituted-1, 2, 4-triazoles | PJ Kothari, VI Stenberg, SP Singh… | 1978 | Spectroscopy Letters | The natural abundance carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 5-(1- naphthylmethyl)-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-thiol and 5-(1-naphthylmethyl)-4-(2 … |
| Solvent effect on the fluorescence and phosphorescence of morphine and its model compounds | SP Singh, VI Stenberg | 1978 | Spectroscopy Letters | In the fluorescence spectra only morphine exhibits large red shifts of the maxima on increasing solvent polarity. In the phosphorescence spectra, phenol, anisole, and 3 … |
| Chemistry of lignite liquefaction. Quarterly report, October–December 1977.[Model compounds] | VI Stenberg, RJ Baltisberger, KJ Klabunde… | 1978 | osti.gov | Solvent refined lignite (SRL), obtained by treating lignite with carbon monoxide-hydrogen- water at 1,500 to 2,500 psi at ca. 400/sup 0/C, has an average molecular weight of ca. 460 … |
| Chemistry of lignite liquefaction. Quarterly report, July–September 1976.[NiO–MoO/sub 3/–TiO/sub 2/; MoO/sub 3/–NiO–TiO/sub 2/–SiO/sub 2/; MoO/sub 3/–NiO–ZrO … | VI Stenberg | 1976 | osti.gov | Studies in the separation of the major groups of SRL are now discontinued due to reaction of the ion exchange resin with the solvent, non-quantitative recovery of the sample from the ion … |
| Catalytic activities and selectivities of MoO/sub 3/–NiSO/sub 4/supported on various oxides for hydrocracking of solvent refined lignite. Novel low surface area active … | …, NF Woolsey, RJ Baltisberger, VI Stenberg | 1978 | Fuel Process. Technol.; … | The hydrocracking of solvent refined lignite (SRL) was studied over MoO/sub 3/–NiSO/sub 4/catalysts supported on TiO/sub 2/, ZrO/sub 2/, TiO/sub 2/–SiO/sub 2/and three kinds of … |
| Synthesis of 5‐(1 ‐naphthylmethyl)‐4‐aryl‐s‐triazole‐3‐thiol/yl‐thioglycolic acids as possible anti‐inflammatory agents | PJ Kothari, V Kishore, VI Stenberg… | 1978 | Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry | Acids as Possible Anti-inflammatory Agents Page 1 Oct. 1978 Synthesis of 5-(l-Naphthylmethyl)-4-aryl-s-triazole-3-thiol/yl-thioglycolic |
| Nitrogen photochemistry. Cocaine and its model compounds | …, D Kaufman, VI Stenberg | 1979 | Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry | The ultraviolet irradiation of the π→ π* transition of cocaine, p‐anisoyl‐l‐ecognine methyl ester, p‐toluoyl‐l‐ecognine methyl ester benzoyl tropine and benzoylpseudotropine in … |
| 13C-NMR Spectra of Strychnos Alkaloids: Brucine and Strychnine | SP Singh, VI Stenberg, SS Parmar… | 1979 | Journal of Pharmaceutical … | The natural abundance 13 C-NMR spectra of brucine and strychnine were obtained using the pulse Fourier transform technique. The chemical shifts of various carbon resonances … |
| Fourier transform carbon‐13 NMR spectra of ampyrone and aminopyrine | SP Singh, SA Farnum, VI Stenberg… | 1979 | Journal of … | The natural abundance 13C‐NMR spectra of ampyrone and aminopyrine were obtained using the pulse Fourier transform technique. The chemical shifts were assigned with the … |
| 13C‐NMR spectra of α‐adrenergic blocking agents | SP Sing, SS Parmar, SA Farnum, VI Stenberg | 1979 | Journal of Pharmaceutical … | The natural abundance 13 C‐NMR spectra of five α‐adrenergic blocking agents, tolazoline, dibenamine, azapetine, phenoxybenzamine, and phentolamine, are reported. The chemical … |
| Evaluation of solvents for carbon-13 nmr analysis of solvent-refined coals. sym-Triazine a new carbon-13 nmr solvent | K Saito, RJ Baltisberger, KJ Klabunde, VI Stenberg… | 1979 | Fuel | Solvent-refined lignite (SRL) and bituminous coals (SRC) are only partially soluble in good standard carbon-13 nmr solvents. A survey of other possible solvents for SRLs and SRCs … |
| Solubility increase of coal-derived liquids by silylation and acetylation: intermolecular hydrogen bonding | KM Patel, VI Stenberg, RJ Baltisberger, NF Woolsey… | 1980 | Fuel; (United Kingdom) | The solubility of solvent-refined coal and solvent-refined lignite increased from 25-60 wt% to 80-100 wt% in benzene and chloroform upon either acetylation or silylation. Evidence is … |
| Carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of substituted‐s‐triazolyl tetrazoles | PJ Kothari, VI Stenberg, SP Singh… | 1980 | Journal of …, | The natural abundance carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of various 5‐ aryltetrazoles, 1‐(5‐aryltetrazol‐2‐ylacetyl)‐4‐phenyl thiosemicarbazides and 5‐(5 … |
| Assignments of Carbon-13 NMR Chemical Shifts of 1-(N-Piperidinoacetyl)-4-arylthiosemicarbazides | SP Singh, RE Campbell Jr, VI Stenberg… | 1980 | Spectroscopy …, | Chemical shifts of the various carbon resonances of 1-(N-piperidinoacetyl)-4- arylthiosemicarbazides have been assigned. The assignments are based on chemical shift … |
| Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of 5-(3, 4, 5-Trimethoxyphenyl)-4-Aryl-3-Hydrazinocarbonylmethylthio-4H-1, 2, 4-Triazoles | SP Singh, RE Campbell Jr, VI Stenberg… | 1980 | Spectroscopy …, | The natural abundance carbon-13 NMR chemical shifts of some 5-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenyl)- 4-aryl-3-hydrazinocarbonylmethylthio-4H-1, 2, 4-triazoles are reported. The chemical shifts … |
| Synthesis of some newer 5‐(5‐aryl‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐ylmethyl)‐4‐substituted‐s‐triazole‐3‐thiols as possible antiinflammatory agents | …, SP Singh, SS Parmar, VI Stenberg | 1980 | Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry | Abstract Several 1‐(5‐aryl‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐ylacetyl)‐4‐substituted thiosemicarbazides and 5‐(5‐aryl‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐yl‐methyl)‐4‐substituted‐s‐triazole‐3‐thiols were synthesized as … |
| Synthesis of 5‐(1‐naphthylmethyl)‐4‐aryl‐s‐triazol‐3‐thiols/ylthioglycolic acids as possible antiinflammatory agents | …, SP Singh, SS Parmar, VI Stenberg | 1980 | Journal of … | Abstract Several 5‐(1‐naphthylmethyl)‐4‐aryl‐s‐triazol‐3‐thiols/ylthioglycolic acids were synthesized as possible anti‐inflammatory agents. The interpretation of infrared, nuclear … |
| Photochemistry of alkaloids | SP Singh, VI Stenberg, SS Parmar | 1980 | Chemical Reviews | During the last few decades, a number of review articles on the various aspects of organic photochemistry, both mechanistic and preparative, have appeared in the literature. So far … |
| Paramagnetic carbon monoxide on magnesium oxide | …, NF Woolsey, VI Stenberg | 1980 | Journal of the … | Upon exposure of thermally activated MgO to CO, a paramagnetic species is produced at room temperature. A variety of experiments have been carried out in order to elucidate the … |
| Separation and characterization of lignite derived preasphaltenes by gel permeation chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry | …, JW Rovang, NF Woolsey, VI Stenberg | 1981 | Am. Chem. Soc | Preasphaltenes for purposes of this study are defined as that portion of a lignite derived product which is soluble in tetrahydrofuran but insoluble in toluene. The preasphaltenes … |
| Quantitative FT 13C nmr of solvent-refined coals using sym-triazine as solvent | K Saito, RJ Baltisberger, VI Stenberg, NF Woolsey | 1981 | Fuel | Aromaticities (fa) determined for several solvent-refined coals (SRC) by 13C nmr in sym- triazine solution and by the Brown and Ladner 1H nmr technique have been found to be the … |
| Conversion of solvent refined lignite into premium liquid fuels. Annual report, January-December, 1980 | RJ Baltisberger, VI Stenberg, KJ Klabunde… | 1981 | osti.gov | Comparison of three preasphaltene samples separated from three lignite derived samples obtained from GFETC prepared at 404, 460 and 480/sup 0/C shows that increased … |
| Chemistry and biological activity of thiazolidinones | SP Singh, SS Parmar, K Raman, VI Stenberg | 1981 | Chemical Reviews | K. Antiviral Activity 199 L. Herbicidal Activity 199 VIII. References 200 preparation of thiazolidinone derivatives and reactions have been reported in the literature … |
| Formic acid and the high-temperature reductive desulfurization of aromatic sulfides | …, NF Woolsey, VI Stenberg | 1982 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | When diphenyl sulfide is heated with formic acid to 450 C, it is converted to benzene, toluene, thiophenol, thioanisole, and benzoic acid. By increasing the time of reaction … |
| Hydrogen sulfide catalysis of low rank coal liquefaction | VI Stenberg, RJ Baltisberger, T Ogawa… | 1982 | Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem … | Data are presented for reduction of bibenzyl, diphenylmethane, and diphenyl sulfide by H/sub 2/S which indicate that the chemical reactions are of more than one type. The H/sub … |
| Use of acetylation and 14C-counting to quantitate hydroxyl groups in preasphaltenes and asphaltenes from coal hydrogenation | RJ Baltisberger, KM Patel, NF Woolsey, VI Stenberg | 1982 | Fuel | A method is described for the quantitative acetylation of coal-derived fuels primarily composed of preasphaltenes (toluene-insoluble materials) and asphaltenes (toluene … |
| HIGH ACTIVITY OF MoO3–SnO2 FOR HYDROCRACKING OF DIPHENYL ETHER AND DIPHENYLMETHANE | VI Stenberg, VR Srinivas, K Tanabe, T Jin… | 1982 | Chemistry … | Of four newly synthesized catalysts designed for coal liquefaction, MoO3–SnO2 was superior for use with diphenyl ether and diphenylmethane with either H2 or CO+ H2O. This … |
Mechanisms leading to process improvements in lignite liquefaction using CO and H2S | EA Sondreal, WG Wilson, VI Stenberg | 1982 | Fuel, 1982 – Elsevier | Optimum distillate yields from US lignites can be as high on a dry, ash-free basis as those |
| Reductive cleavage mechanism of diphenyl ether and apparent ipso trapping of an intermediate radical anion with a silyl ether | KM Patel, RJ Baltisberger, VI Stenberg… | 1982 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | Chemical evidence for a radical anion mechanism in the case of reductive cleavage of diphenyl ether under Na/HMPA conditions is reported. The product phenyl radical abstracts … |
| Dealkylation of N, N-dimethylaniline with sulphur and hydrogen sulphide | VI Stenberg, VR Srinivas, P Sweeny, RJ Baltisberger… | 1983 | Fuel | Dealkylation of N,N-dimethylaniline with sulphur and hydrogen sulphide Page 1 Dealkylation of N,N-dimethylaniline with sulphur and hydrogen sulphide Virgil I. Stenberg *, V. I?. Srinivas … |
| Recent advances in catalysis of lignite liquefaction | JR Rindt, WG Wilson, VI Stenberg | 1983 | osti.gov | Distillate yields from US lignites can be as high on a moisture and ash-free basis as those obtained from bituminous coals, when vacuum bottoms are recycled. Lignites are more … |
| Benzophenone reduction using sulphur-based additives | VI Stenberg, D Wettlaufer, RJ Baltisberger… | 1983 | Fuel | Pyrite and γ-Fe2S3 are the best of the mineral promotors tried for the CO—H2O reduction of benzophenone to diphenylmethane. A mixture of ferrous sulphide and sulphur matches the … |
| Denitrogenation. Novel high-temperature reactions of N, N-dimethylaniline | VI Stenberg, VR Srinivas, RJ Baltisberger… | 1983 | The Journal of … | Introduction Nitrogen removal studies are important for denitrogenation in petroleum and coal conversion technologies. iV^ V-Dimethylaniline was selected as an appropriate model … |
| Homogeneous catalysis of lignite liquefaction with hydrogen sulfide | GG Baker, WG Willson, BW Farnum, VI Stenberg | 1983 | osti.gov | Based on our tests to date we can summarize our thoughts on H/sub 2/S addition as follows: the incorporation of sulfur into distillable products is minimal and occurs as elemental sulfur … |
Hydrocracking of diphenylmethane: Roles of H2S and pyrrhotite | VI Stenberg, T Ogawa, WG Willson, D Miller | 1983 | Fuel, 1983 – Elsevier | To define the roles of H2S and pyrrhotite in high temperatures employed for normal coal |
| Nitrogen photochemistry. Syn and anti isomers of semicarbazones | VI Stenberg, PA Barks, D Bays… | 1983 | The Journal of … | The syn and anti sets of isomers of several different phenyl ketone semicarbazones have been isolated, and the structural formulas have been assigned. Evidence is presented which … |
| The role of noncovalent bonding in coal | VI Stenberg, RJ BALTISBERGER, KM Patal, K RAMAN… | 1983 | -Coal Science | The primary structure of coal is principally aromatic in nature, with about 55–90% aromatic carbon. The ring positions are mostly occupied by carbon atoms, although … |
| Novel liquefaction solvent: H2O-H2S | VI Stenberg, RD Hei, PG Sweeny, J Nowok… | 1984 | Amer. Chem. Soc | This article describes the use of H//2O-H//2S as a substitute for organic slurrying solvents. The philosophy for doing so is that the water fulfills the role of the slurrying liquid and H//2S … |
| [PDF] New iron oxide catalyst reduction activities with hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen | …, LJ Radonovich, VI Stenberg | 1984 | University of North Dakota Energy Research Center and the Department of Chemistry | NEW IRON OXIDE CATALYST REDUCTION ACTIVITIES WITH HYDROGEN SULFIOE AND HYDROGEN Page 1 NEW IRON OXIDE CATALYST REDUCTION ACTIVITIES WITH HYDROGEN … |
Synthesis of 5-aryl-2H-tetrazoles, 5-aryl-2H-tetrazole-2-acetic acids, and [(4-phenyl-5-aryl-4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) thio] acetic acids as possible superoxide scavengers … | …, DA Wasdahl, AC Wolfson, VI Stenberg | 1984 | Journal of medicinal … | A series of 5-aryl-2H-tetrazoles, 5-aryl-2H-tetrazole-2-acetic acids, and [(4-phenyl-5-aryl-4H- l, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) thio] acetic acids were synthesized and tested in vitro for … |
Hydrocracking of diphenylmethane | T Ogawa, VI Stenberg, PA Montano | 1984 | 1984 – Elsevier | This study presents the role of H2S other than H-transfer catalyst in the hydrocracking of |
| Catalytic activity of ethylene-bridged aminoacid-copper (II) complexes for the dismutation of superoxide | BM Katz, VI Stenberg | 1985 | Polyhedron | Copper complexes of bridged ethylene derivatives of the aminoacids leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, glycine and 2-methylalanine showed marked differences in their ability to … |
| H2S optimization for lignite liquefaction | WG Willson, R Hei, D Riskedahl, VI Stenberg | 1985 | Fuel | Two lignite samples, Beulah No. 3 and Big Brown No. 1, were liquefied at 420° C using H2 and synthesis gas to determine the optimum beneficial amount of H2S in the batch … |
| Thermolysis of bibenzyl: roles of sulfur and hydrogen sulfide | VI Stenberg, RD Hei | 1985 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | The presence of sulfur in the thermolysis of bibenzyl considerably reduces the severityof the conditions required to cleave the aliphatic carbon-carbon bond. Bibenzylrapidly reacts with … |
| Role of iron sulfides stoichiometry in the direct liquefaction of coal | PA Montano, VI Stenberg | 1985 | osti.gov | It is found that the stoichiometry of the iron sulfides is determined by the H/sub 2/S partial pressure and that greater activity is observed when the surface is rich in vacancies. There is … |
| Radicals in coals during pyrolysis in relation to liquefaction conversion | VI Stenberg, MB Jones, NJ Suwarnasarn | 1985 | Fuel, 1985 – Elsevier | The increase in radical concentration as measured by esr on pyrolysis of nine lignites, two subbituminous coals and one bituminous coal was studied. No correlation was found … |
| Hydrocracking of diphenyl ether: roles of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur | VI Stenberg, PG Sweeny | 1986 | Industrial & engineering chemistry … | Diphenyl ether Is converted to benzene, phenol, thiophenol, dibenzofuran, diphenyl sulfide, diphenyl disulfide, thianthrene, and polymeric products when reacted with H2S and/or Sat … |
| Status of direct liquefaction of low-rank coal | VI Stenberg | 1986 | osti.gov | This report consists of the following chapters:(1) effects of operating parameters on the liquefaction of low-rank coals and preferred conditions for distillate yield and operability;(2) … |
| [CITATION] Novel liquefaction solvent: H2O H2S | VI Stenberg, J Nowok | 1986 | Fuel processing technology | The liquefaction solvent has two roles to fulfill:(1) as a slurrying liquid for the coal which enables slurry compression into a continuous flow reactor, and (2) as a hydrogen shuttler … |
| Novel liquefaction solvent H/sub 2/OH/sub 2/S: Quarterly report No. 9, 9-15-86 through 12-14-86.[Dihydrophenanthrene and A04-SRCMD (low volatile organic oils)] | VI Stenberg | 1986 | osti.gov | Thus far, the conclusions on the use of H/sub 2/OH/sub 2/S are: the presence of a small amount of H/sub 2/S enhances the as-defined yields in H/sub 2/O; the distillate, oil, and THF … |
| Mechanism of the hydrogen-sulphidepromoted cleavage of the coal model compounds: diphenyl ether, diphenylmethane and bibenzyl | RD Hei, PG Sweeny, VI Stenberg | 1986 | 1986 – Elsevier | Hydrogen sulphide is shown to cleave the model coal compounds: diphenyl ether, diphenylmethane and bibenzyl with the major products being phenol and thiophenol … |
| In situ study of the hydrogenation of diphenyl ether in the presence of pyrrhotite and hydrogen sulfide | PA Montano, VI Stenberg… | 1986 | The Journal of Physical … | In the present study we report the results of measurements of the conversion of diphenyl ether to benzene and phenols in the presence of a pyrrohotite catalyst. In situ … |
| ESR study of pyrrhotite iron vacancies and the adsorption of CO and H2S | J Nowok, VI Stenberg | 1987 | Applied surface science, | he ESR spectra were determined for pyrrhotite in vacuum, under CO, H 2 S and a CO/H 2 S mixture. The singlet signal observed in vacuum at room temperature is split into a doublet in … |
| EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE PROGRAMMING ON THE LIQUEFACTION OF INDIANHEAD LIGNITE IN AN INORGANIC (H//2S-H//2O) SOLVENT SYSTEM | …, ME Martin-Schwan, VI Stenberg | 1987 | Am. Chem. Soc. Div … | High conversions can now be achieved using lower reactor temperatures and a temperature programming technique. Various temperature programs using times between 7. 5 and 60 … |
| Novel liquefaction solvent H/sub 2/OH/sub 2/S Quarterly report No. 10, 12-15-86 through 3-14-87.[Dihydrophenanthrene; A04-SRCMD low volatile organic oils] | VI Stenberg | 1987 | osti.gov | The conclusions on the use of H/sub 2/OH/sub 2/S solvents are: the presence of a small amount of H/sub 2/S enhances the as-defined yields in H/sub 2/O; the distillate, oil, and THF … |
Hydrocracking of diphenyl ether and diphenylmethane in the presence of iron sulphides and hydrogen sulphide | PG Sweeny, VI Stenberg, RD Hei, PA Montano | 1987 | Fuel, 1987 – Elsevier | The reactions of diphenyl ether (DPE) and diphenylmethane (DPM) with hydrogen, |
| Fe (III) ESR-signal splitting in unoxidized and oxidized semimagnetic pyrrhotite, Fe7S8 | J Nowok, VI Stenberg | 1988 | Solid state communications | Abstract The characteristic Fe (III) ESR-signal of unoxidized pyrrhotite which occurs at g= 3.10, in an alternating magnetic field, is influenced by exchange fields from unpaired … |
| Low severity lignite liquefaction: temperature programming to 350° C in an inorganic solvent system | VI Stenberg, V Gutenkunst, J Nowok, PG Sweeny | 1989 | Fuel | High conversions of Indian Head lignite into THF-soluble products can now be achieved using a temperature programming technique. Various temperature programmes using times … |
| Thermal analysis of coals using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry | SK Janikowski, VI Stenberg | 1989 | 1989 – Elsevier | Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry and differential thermogravimetry studies have been performed on 10 different coals: four lignite, four subbituminous and two … |
| Temperature programmed aqueous liquefaction extended to supercritical conditions | PG Sweeny, V Gutenkunst, J Nowok, VI Stenberg | 1991 | Fuel | Temperature programming of liquefaction reactors is further refined for increasing coal liquefaction yields by matching radical production rates with the slurring medium’s ability to … |