The results of a Helen Foundation 2,428-person study using patient self-administration of cortisol (Microdose TherapyTM) were published in the Journal of Inflammation Research in 2019. The results averaged 76% improvement across a wide range of inflammatory disorders where n = number of persons with each disorder, see Table 1 next (click to view the study HERE). These results are 2 to 3 times superior to those of the best other modern treatments for these disorders, see Table 2.
Table 1. Symptom improvement using patient self-administration of cortisol (Microdose TherapyTM) for a wide range of disorders
| Disorder | n | Relief % |
|---|---|---|
| Acid Reflux | 1 | 100 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 3 | 60 |
| Arthritis, undifferentiated | 226 | 76 |
| Asthma | 11 | 68 |
| Back pain | 75 | 70 |
| Bowel inflammation | 1 | 100 |
| Bursitis | 6 | 79 |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome | 5 | 86 |
| Chronic fatigue syndrome | 25 | 78 |
| Crohn’s disease | 5 | 92 |
| Dementia, undifferentiated | 1 | 86 |
| Dementia, multiple sclerosis | 1 | 67 |
| Dementia, Parkinson’s disease | 22 | 67 |
| Dementia, rheumatoid arthritis | 1 | 92 |
| Eye inflammation | 1 | 85 |
| Eczema | 1 | 77 |
| Fibromyalgia | 601 | 77 |
| Headache | 3 | 84 |
| Headache, migraine | 21 | 86 |
| Irritable bowel syndrome | 6 | 71 |
| Meniere’s disease | 1 | 69 |
| Multiple sclerosis | 19 | 67 |
| Myofascial syndrome | 1 | 73 |
| Nervous system symptoms | 3 | 63 |
| Neuropathy | 25 | 74 |
| Osteoarthritis | 579 | 77 |
| Parkinson’s disease | 51 | 62 |
| Polymyalgia rheumatica | 44 | 80 |
| Post traumatic stress disorder | 2 | 71 |
| Psoriatic arthritis | 6 | 63 |
| Restless leg syndrome | 1 | 47 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 248 | 78 |
| Scoliosis | 1 | 100 |
| Sjogren’s syndrome | 1 | 69 |
| Spinal stenosis | 4 | 78 |
| Lupus | 9 | 60 |
| Urinary tract inflammation | 3 | 58 |
| Vertigo | 3 | 75 |
Table 2. Improvement using Microdose TherapyTM vs. best competing modern treatments for the same disorders (others).
| Microdose TherapyTM Effectiveness | Others Effectiveness |
|---|---|
| Dementia – 67% | None – 0 % |
| Fibromyalgia – 77% | Duloxetine – 17-30% Pregabalin – 26-31% Milnacipran – 35-42% |
| Multiple sclerosis – 67% | Glatiramer – 16% |
| Osteoarthritis – 77% | Celecoxib – est. 25% |
| Parkinson’s disease – 62% | Levodopa – 7-29% |
| Rheumatoid arthritis – 78% | Etanercept – 8-51% Infliximab – 23-47% Adalimumab – 41-61% |
Conclusion: Microdose TherapyTM results are 2 to 3 times superior to those of the best other modern treatments.
Professor Stenberg Articles and Research
For decades Professor Stenberg has been on the leading edge of research and development for advancing pain relief for patients with inflammatory conditions. The following is a list of associated research publications:
Dr. V. I. Stenberg, Professor Emeritus of Chemistry, UND, Published Articles
Microdose Therapy™ Related
| Title | Authors | Year | Publication | Summary Intro |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endocrine control of inflammation: rheumatoid arthritis double-blind, crossover clinical trial. | VI Stenberg, JJ Fiechtner, JR Rice… | 1992 | … journal of clinical … | A dysfunction in the endocrine control system for inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis serves as the theoretical basis for chronic inflammation in the study design described. Eighteen … |
| Negative endocrine control system for inflammation in rats | VI Stenberg, MG Bouley, BM Katz, KJ Lee… | 1990 | – Agents and Actions | Inflammatory processes may be suppressed by endogenous mechanisms such as release of adrenocorticosteroid hormones through stimulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal … |
| General theory of inflammation: patient self-administration of hydrocortisone safely achieves superior control of hydrocortisone-responding disorders by matching … | JB Irwin, AL Baldwin, VI Stenberg | 2019 | Journal of Inflammation …, | Objective To determine if patient self-administration of hydrocortisone will safely achieve superior symptom control for all hydrocortisone-responding disorders as it does for … |
| [HTML] Safe Use of Cortisol for Inflammation Disorders | VI Stenberg, AL Baldwin | 2023 | intechopen.com | Abstract In 1992, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis was proposed to be the inflammation control system of the body. The cortisol pulse that emanates from this axis … |
Additional Articles and Publications
| Title | Authors | Year | Publication | Summary Intro |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [BOOK] Chemistry of lignite liquefaction | VI Stenberg | 1960 | search.proquest.com | “vided a challenge to the chemist and has generated considerable interest in recent years. Because a fair number of compounds have already been synthesized, chemical correlation …” |
| Podocarpic acid derivatives. Synthesis of nimbiol | E Wenkert, VI Stenberg, P Beak | 1961 | Journal of the American … | The conversion of podocarpic acid into O-methylpodocarpane and the latter’s transformation into several hydrophenan-thrones and a bicyclic ketoacid are described. Attempts to convert … |
| Naphthalene as a Photoquencher | VI Stenberg, RJ Perkins | 1962 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | “Upon irradiation of naphthalene and excess maleic anhydride in tetrahydrofuran, no photoad-duct was found. Naphthalene was recovered quan-titatively and the maleic …” |
| Oxidation of 1,4-Diols to Lactones1 | VI Stenberg, RJ Perkins | 1963 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | The Journal of Organic Chemistry |
| Photoinduced Condensations of Nitroaromatics | VI Stenberg, DJ Holter | 1964 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | November, 1964 uct. The separation of the two required careful alumina chromatography. Nmr, ultraviolet, and infrared spectra analysis along with molecular weight determination … |
The photoanilide rearrangement | D Elad, DV Rao, VI Stenberg | 1965 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | Science, Rehovoth, Israel, and Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand |
| [PDF] NORTH DAKOTA ACADEMY OF SC| ENCE | VI Stenberg, W Whitman, FD Holland Jr | 1966 | Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Science | |
| [CITATION] Photo-Fries Reaction and Related Rearrangements | VI Stenberg | 1967 | Organic Photochemistry | |
Role of charge-transfer complexes in the photooxidation of ethers with oxygen | VI Stenberg, RD Olson, CT Wang… | 1967 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | In this paper, we wish to report our work on the same reaction in the absence of |
| Photochemical oxidations. II. Rate and product formation studies on the photochemical oxidation of ethers | N Kulevsky, CT Wang, VI Stenberg | 1969 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | The rates of oxygen uptake during the photochemical oxidation of ethers have been determined. The rates correlate with the orders of basicity of acyclic and cyclic ethers to … |
| Photochemical oxidations—IV. The photooxidation of cyclohexane with oxygen | …, LD GRINA, VI STENBERG | 1970 | Photochemistry and … | For the photooxidation of cyclohexane, data on the rates of formation of cyclohexanol (I), cyclohexanone (II), and cyclohexylhydroperoxide (III) are presented. There are induction … |
| Photoalkylation of pyridine with methanol | EF Travecedo, VI Stenberg | 1970 | Journal of the Chemical Society D … | Pyridine is photoalkylated in acid methanol solutions to yield 2-and 4-methylpyridines (I and II), 1-(2-pyridyl)-2-(4-pyridyl) ethane (III), and 1, 2-di-(4-pyridyl) ethane (IV). |
| [CITATION] Nitrogen photochemistry VIII. Photodecarbamation a new reaction on physostigmine | EF Travecedo, VI Stenberg | 1970 | Tetrahedron Letters | Neither benzophenone nor acetone was effective as a sensitizer for the formation of II though the decomposition of I was greatly enhanced. Quenching studies with biacetyl and … |
| Photochemical oxidations. III. Photochemical and thermal behavior of. alpha.-hydroperoxytetrahydrofuran and its implications concerning the mechanism of … | VI Stenberg, CT Wang, N Kulevsky | 1970 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | The suspected intermediate peroxide in the photooxidation reaction of tetrahydrofuran (THF) was synthesized, and its thermal and photochemical behavior was studied.. Liquid-phase … |
Nitrogen photochemistry. IV. Photochemical reduction of the cinchona alkaloids, quinine, quinidine, cinchonidine, and cinchonine | VI Stenberg, EF Travecedo | 1970 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | The cinchona alkaloids cited in the title undergo a new type of photoreduction to the |
| The Quantitative Determination of Hydroperoxides, Alcohols, and Ketones in Hydrocarbon Solvents | PV Sneeringer, VI Stenberg | 1971 | Analytical Letters | Iodometric titration with the dead stop endpoint was used to determine the amount of alkylhydroperoxides in an oxidation reaction mixture composed of the hydrocarbon starting … |
| Catalytic dehydrator for rapid acetal and ketal synthesis | VI Stenberg, GF Vesley, D Kubik | 1971 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | The catalytic dehydrator, 1 composed of an acid polymer and a drying agent, has been employed for the synthesis of 1-butanol-ethylene glycol acetal, 2-propyl-l, 3-dioxolane (I) … |
| The Interferometer as a Detector for Liquid Chromatography | M Bakken, VI Stenberg | 1971 | Journal of Chromatographic Science | The interferometer has been adapted as the basis of an LC detector. Equipment was designed and constructed to convert the fringe pattern visual output into an electronic … |
| Catalytic dehydrator for rapid ester synthesis | VI Stenberg, GF Vesley | 1971 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | Reaction Acid ratio, polymer: acid: alcohol dehydrator Acid Yield, Run Alcohol Solvent(v/v) Time(g/g)//total polymer±5% 1 Methanol 1: 10 10 min a 67 2 Methanol 1: 10 14 hr a 82 3 … |
| Nitrogen photochemistry—VI: The photoreduction of hydroxymethylpyridines | VI Stenberg, EF Travecedo | 1971 | Tetrahedron | The irradiation of 2-and 4-(hydroxymethyl) pyridines in aqueous acid-2-propanol solutions provides the corresponding methylpyridines and 1, 2-dipyridylethanes. Only retarded … |
| Nitrogen photochemistry. Novel synthesis of imines from dialkylamines | CH Niu, VI Stenberg | 1971 | Journal of the Chemical Society D: Chemical … | Nitrogen Photochemistry. Novel Synthesis of Imines from Dialkylamines .. .. . , .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Page 1 1430 CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS, 1971 Nitrogen Photochemistry. Novel Synthesis of … |
| Excited state theory and the photochemistry of benzene compounds | VI Stenberg, DR Dutton | 1972 | Tetrahedron | The S1ππ* and T1ππ* excited states of substituted benzene compounds is described in terms of a set of resonant, valence bond structures. The derivation is principally based on … |
| Photochemical oxidations. V. Concerted vs. radical stepwise addition of oxygen to the carbon-hydrogen bond of hydrocarbons | …, PV Sneeringer, VI Stenberg | 1972 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | The stereochemistry of the initial stage of thephotooxidation of hydrocarbons was studied. During this stage, the reaction products originate directly from the excitation of a contact … |
| PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATIONS—VI. THE NATURE OF THE DONOR SITE IN THE OXYGEN‐HYDROCARBON CONTACT CHARGE‐TRANSFER COMPLEX | VI Stenberg, PV Sneeringer, C Niu | 1972 | – Photochemistry and … | Two sets of experiments, designed to determine whether the C—C or C—H bonds of hydrocarbons act as the donor site in the contact charge‐transfer complex between oxygen … |
| Photochemical oxidations. VII. Photooxidation of cyclohexylamine with oxygen | N Kulevsky, CH Niu, VI Stenberg | 1973 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | The presence of a charge-transfer ultraviolet absorption band for an oxygen-saturated cyclohexylamine solution has been reconfirmed. The absorption of light by thisband causes … |
| Nitrogen photochemistry. Deoxygenation of aniline and naphthylamine N-oxides | VI Stenberg, JE Schiller | 1973 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | formed, and dimethylformanide was identified as a secondary product from the irradiation of solid tri-methylamine N-oxide dihydrate. In methanol solu-tion, the irradiation of … |
| Nitrogen photochemistry. XI. Liquid phase irradiation of primary aliphatic amines | VI Stenberg, N Kulevsky, CH Niu | 1973 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | Nitrogen photochemistry. XI. Liquid phase irradiation of primary aliphatic amines Page 1 Notes J. Org. Chem., Vol. No. Registry No.-l, 30681-63-1; 2, 37931-42-3; 3, 37931-43-4; 4 … |
| Catalytic dehydrator. Simplified isolation procedure for acetals and ketals | VI Stenberg, DA Kubik | 1974 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry, | Uncorrected. 6 The melting points were determined using a Reichert hot stage apparatus and are uncorrected.= Satisfactory elemental analysis was obtained for all new aldehydes … |
| Anticonvulsant activity of N,N′‐bis[3‐(3‐substituted urea)propyl]piperazines | …, JP Barthwal, SS Parmar, VI Stenberg | 1975 | The Journal of Pharaceutical Sciences | Abstract Several N, N′‐bis [3‐(3‐substituted urea) propyl] piperazines were synthesized and characterized by their sharp melting points, elemental analyses, and IR spectra. All … |
| Nitrogen photochemistry. Excited state theory predictions and amine oxides | VI Stenberg, JE Schiller | 1975 | Journal of the American Chemical … | On applying the concepts of the recently proposed excited state resonance theory to the amine oxides, several predictions result. As illustrated below, these are (1) the bond rupture … |
| Analgesic activity of substituted benzylidinohydrazines. | …, TK Gupta, SS Parmar, VI Stenberg | 1975 | … in Chemical Pathology … | Sixteen substitued benzylidinohydrazines were evaluated for morphine-like analgesic activity by mouse tail-pinch test while aconitine-induced writhing test in mice was used to … |
| Synthesis of substituted benzylidinohydrazines and their monoamine oxidase inhibitory and anticonvulsant properties | SS Parmar, AK Gupta, TK Gupta, VI Stenberg | 1975 | Journal of Pharmaceutical … | Abstract Some N 1‐(4‐acetamidobenzoyl)‐N 2‐(substituted phenyl carboxylate) benzylidinohydrazines were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their ability to … |
| An improved synthesis of norcocaine | VI Stenberg, NK Narain, SP Singh… | 1976 | Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry | An improved, high yielding procedure for the preparation of norcocaine from cocaine is described. The synthesis is accomplished by controlling the pH during the potassium … |
| Synthesis of substituted thiobenzoxazoles/benzothiazoles: Inhibition of cellular respiratory and monoamine oxidase activities and anticonvulsant property | …, JP Barthwal, SS Parmar, SP Singh, VI Stenberg | 1976 | Journal of … | Abstract Several 2‐(substituted alkoxy/hydrazinocarbonyl acetanilidothio) benzoxazoles/ benzothiazoles were synthesized and characterized by their sharp melting points, elemental … |
| Catalytic hydrogenation of solvent-refined lignite to liquid fuels | …, RJ Baltisberger, M Govek, VI Stenberg | 1976 | Energy … | Solvent-refined lignite (SRL) can be produced by treating lignite (not dried) with CO-H2, donor solvent and high temperature. This reactive black solid softens at about 150° C, is … |
| Protection of carrageenin edema and trypsin hydrolysis of bovine serum albumin by naphthylthiosemicarbazides and their cyclized oxadiazoles | …, S Kumar, NK Narain, SS Parma, VI Stenberg | 1976 | Pharmacology | Abstract Seven l-(naphth-1-ylacetyl)-4-substituted thiosemicarbazides were synthesized and cyclized to the corresponding 2-(naphth-1-ylmethyl)-5-arylamino-1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles. All … |
| Novel photochemical demethylation of cocaine and related compounds | VI Stenberg, SP Singh, NK Narian… | 1976 | Journal of the Chemical … | The bezoate chromophore activation of the bicyclic-N-methylamines, cocaine, p-toluoyl-(–)- ecgonine methyl ester, benzoltropine, and benzoylpseudotropine, during irradiation resulted … |
| Antihemolytic and antiproteolytic properties of substituted thiosemicarbazidophenothiazines and thiazolidonylphenothiazines | …, S Kumar, SP Singh, SS Parmar, VI Stenberg | 1976 | Journal of … | Antihemolytic and antiproteolytic properties of several 10‐(1‐acetyl‐4‐ arylthiosemicarbazido) phenothiazines and their corresponding cyclized 10‐(2‐arylimino‐3 … |
| [BOOK] Chemistry of lignite liquefaction | VI Stenberg | 1976 | books.google.com | Page 1 1.28: RIMENTO ENE CHEMISTRY OF LIGNITE LIQUEFACTION Quarterly Report, January-March 1978 By Virgil I. Stenberg Richard J. Baltisberger Kenneth J. Klabunde Neil F |
| Anti‐inflammatory and antiproteolytic properties of 1‐(1‐naphthylacetyl)‐3‐substituted carbamides | V Kishore, S Kumar, SS Parmar, VI Stenberg | 1976 | Journal of Pharmaceutical … | Abstract Several 1‐(1‐naphthylacetyl)‐3‐substituted carbamides were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for anti‐inflammatory and antiproteolytic activity. The … |
| 3-Naphthyl-4-Quinazolone Infrared and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Band Assignments | VI Stenberg, NK Narain, N Srivastava | 1976 | Spectroscopy Letters | The ir and nmr spectra of 24 3-naphthyl-4-quinazolones were examined. There are three principal ir bands in the 1500 and 1705 cm− 1 region of the spectra. The first at 1685–1705 … |
| Synthesis of Substituted Anilino-(3-methoxy-4-substituted Acetoxy) b enzylidenes and Their Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitory and Anticonvulsant Properties | SP Singh, A Chaudhari, VI Stenberg… | 1976 | Journal of Pharmaceutical … | Abstract Several substituted anilino‐(3‐methoxy‐4‐substituted acetoxy) benzylidenes were synthesized and characterized by their sharp melting points and elemental analyses. All … |
| [BOOK] Chemistry of lignite liquefaction | VI Stenberg | 1976 | books.google.com | Page 1 1.28: RIMENTO ENE CHEMISTRY OF LIGNITE LIQUEFACTION Quarterly Report, January-March 1978 By Virgil I. Stenberg Richard J. Baltisberger Kenneth J. Klabunde Neil F |
| Chemistry of lignite liquefaction. Quarterly report, July–September 1976.[NiO–MoO/sub 3/–TiO/sub 2/; MoO/sub 3/–NiO–TiO/sub 2/–SiO/sub 2/; MoO/sub 3/–NiO–ZrO … | VI Stenberg | 1976 | osti.gov | Studies in the separation of the major groups of SRL are now discontinued due to reaction of the ion exchange resin with the solvent, non-quantitative recovery of the sample from the ion … |
| Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of colchicine | SP Singh, SS Parmar, VI Stenberg… | 1977 | Spectroscopy Letters | Abstract 13C NMR chemical shifts of tropolone, tropolone methyl ether and colchicine are reported. The various carbon resonances have been assigned on the basis of substituent … |
| Photochemical oxidation of alcohols using ferric chloride | VI Stenberg, SP Singh, NK Narain… | 1977 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | We wish to report quantitative measurements on the formation of aldehydes and ketones during the photochemical oxidation of alcohols by ferric chloride. 1 From thestandpoint of … |
| An unusual magnetic equivalence in the proton magnetic resonance of dialkylbenzamides | VI Stenberg, SP Singh, NK Narain | 1977 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | 13C NMR spectra were measured at 25.15 MHz with a JEOL JNM PS-100 spectrometer interfacedwith a Nova 1200 computer. 16 Compounds 8-10 were run in CDCR solutionwith … |
| Comparison of solvent-refined lignites with solvent-refined bituminous coals | RJ Baltisberger, KJ Klabunde, VI Stenberg… | 1977 | ACS Publications | Comparison of SRL and SRC Introduction. A considerable amount of work is currently being conducted on solvent refining of bituminous coals. The resulting solvent refined coal (SRC) … |
| Solvent Effect on Cocaine and Methyl Benzoate Phosphorescence | VI Stenberg, SP Singh, NK Narain | 1977 | Spectroscopy Letters | In polar, nonhydrogen-bonding solvents, cocaine’s phosphorescence differs from that of its model compound, methyl benzoate, in what can be attributed to an amine-benzoate charge … |
| Nitrogen photochemistry. A time dependent photooxidation of alcohols by aromatic nitro compounds | VI Stenberg, DA Kubik, GF Vesley | 1977 | The Journal of … | Results The quantum yields of product formation for the 1-pro-panol-trinitrobenzene, 2- propanol-nitrobenzene, and 1-propanol-nitrobenzene solutions were found to decrease with … |
Carbon‐13 and nitrogen‐15 nuclear magnetic resonance of physostigmine (eserine) | VI Stenberg, NK Narain, SP Singh… | 1977 | – Journal of … | 407 Carbon-13 and Nitrogen-15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of |
| Carbon‐13 magnetic resonance spectra of the tropane alkaloids: Cocaine and atropine | VI Stenberg, NK Narain… | 1977 | Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry | Carbon‐13 magnetic resonance spectra of the tropane alkaloids: Cocaine and atropine |
| Fourier transform 13C NMR analysis of benzodiazepines | …, SS Parmar, SA Farnum, VI Stenberg | 1978 | Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry | The natural abundance carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of diazepam, clonazepam, flurazepam and chlordiazepoxide were recorded in suitable solvent using the … |
| Carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of potent antimalarials: Primaquine and chloroquine | …, SS Parmar, VI Stenberg | 1978 | Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry | Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Potent Antimalarials: Primaquine and Chloroquine. |
| Carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of methaqualone | SP Singh, SS Parmar, VI Stenberg… | 1978 | Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry | Abstract 13C nmr chemical shifts of methaqualone, 2‐methyl‐3‐propyl‐4‐quinazolone, 2‐methyl‐3‐phenyl‐4‐quinazolone and their precursor, acetanthranil, are reported. The … |
| Carbon monoxide-hydrogen-water: reduction of anthracene, dihydroanthracene, and quinoline | VI Stenberg, J Wang, RJ Baltisberger… | 1978 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | (18) X-ray structure determination of 5 was done by P. Rafferty, BM Benjamin, VF Raaen, WE Thiessen, and CK Johnson, Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and will |
| Carbon monoxide-hydrogen-water: reduction of benzophenone, diphenylcarbinol, and diphenylmethane | …, KJ Klabunde, NF Woolsey, VI Stenberg | 1978 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | A mixture of carbon monoxide and water is regarded to be superior to hydrogen as a reducing agent for the liquefac-tion of lignite. 1-5 How carbon monoxide functions in the lig … |
| Carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of isoquinoline alkaloids | SP Singh, SS Parmar, VI Stenberg… | 1978 | Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry | The 13C nmr ehemieal shifts of 1, 2, 3, 4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline, salsolidine and laudanosine are reported. The various carbon resonances have been assigned on the basis … |
| Comparison of solvent-refined lignite with solvent-refined bituminous coals | …, KJ Klabunde, K Saito, W Sukalski, VI Stenberg… | 1978 | Fuel | Comparison of laboratory-deashed samples of solvent-refined lignite, subbituminous and bituminous coals on the basis of gross combustion analysis, acid and basic titres, molecular … |
| Excited State Theory: Monosubstituted Benzenes Fluorescence and Phosphorescence | VI Stenberg, SP Singh, PJ Kothari | 1978 | Spectroscopy Letters | The fluorescence and phosphorescence band positions of mono substituted benzenes are recorded at 77° K in four solvents, and the band maxima are correlated with substituent … |
| Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrum of Quinacrine | SP Singh, SS Parmar, VI Stenberg | 1978 | Spectroscopy … | The natural abundance carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of quinacrine was determined using the pulse Fourier transform technique. The chemical shift of various … |
| Fourier Transform 13C NMR Analysis of Biotin | SP Singh, VI Stenberg, SA Farnum… | 1978 | Spectroscopy … | The natural abundance carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of biotin was recorded using the pulse Fourier transform technique. The chemical shifts of various carbon … |
| Catalytic activities and selectivities of MoO3 NiSO4 supported on various oxides for hydrocracking of solvent refined lignite: Novel low surface area active catalysts | …, NF Woolsey, RJ Baltisberger, VI Stenberg | 1978 | Fuel Processing … | The hydrocracking of solvent refined lignite (SRL) was studied over MoO 3 NiSO 4 catalysts supported on TiO 2 ZrO 2, TiO 2 SiO 2 and three kinds of aluminas at 450° C … |
| Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Substituted-1, 2, 4-triazoles | PJ Kothari, VI Stenberg, SP Singh… | 1978 | Spectroscopy Letters | The natural abundance carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 5-(1- naphthylmethyl)-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-thiol and 5-(1-naphthylmethyl)-4-(2 … |
| Solvent effect on the fluorescence and phosphorescence of morphine and its model compounds | SP Singh, VI Stenberg | 1978 | Spectroscopy Letters | In the fluorescence spectra only morphine exhibits large red shifts of the maxima on increasing solvent polarity. In the phosphorescence spectra, phenol, anisole, and 3 … |
| Chemistry of lignite liquefaction. Quarterly report, October–December 1977.[Model compounds] | VI Stenberg, RJ Baltisberger, KJ Klabunde… | 1978 | osti.gov | Solvent refined lignite (SRL), obtained by treating lignite with carbon monoxide-hydrogen- water at 1,500 to 2,500 psi at ca. 400/sup 0/C, has an average molecular weight of ca. 460 … |
| Chemistry of lignite liquefaction. Quarterly report, July–September 1976.[NiO–MoO/sub 3/–TiO/sub 2/; MoO/sub 3/–NiO–TiO/sub 2/–SiO/sub 2/; MoO/sub 3/–NiO–ZrO … | VI Stenberg | 1976 | osti.gov | Studies in the separation of the major groups of SRL are now discontinued due to reaction of the ion exchange resin with the solvent, non-quantitative recovery of the sample from the ion … |
| Catalytic activities and selectivities of MoO/sub 3/–NiSO/sub 4/supported on various oxides for hydrocracking of solvent refined lignite. Novel low surface area active … | …, NF Woolsey, RJ Baltisberger, VI Stenberg | 1978 | Fuel Process. Technol.; … | The hydrocracking of solvent refined lignite (SRL) was studied over MoO/sub 3/–NiSO/sub 4/catalysts supported on TiO/sub 2/, ZrO/sub 2/, TiO/sub 2/–SiO/sub 2/and three kinds of … |
| Synthesis of 5‐(1 ‐naphthylmethyl)‐4‐aryl‐s‐triazole‐3‐thiol/yl‐thioglycolic acids as possible anti‐inflammatory agents | PJ Kothari, V Kishore, VI Stenberg… | 1978 | Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry | Acids as Possible Anti-inflammatory Agents Page 1 Oct. 1978 Synthesis of 5-(l-Naphthylmethyl)-4-aryl-s-triazole-3-thiol/yl-thioglycolic |
| Nitrogen photochemistry. Cocaine and its model compounds | …, D Kaufman, VI Stenberg | 1979 | Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry | The ultraviolet irradiation of the π→ π* transition of cocaine, p‐anisoyl‐l‐ecognine methyl ester, p‐toluoyl‐l‐ecognine methyl ester benzoyl tropine and benzoylpseudotropine in … |
| 13C-NMR Spectra of Strychnos Alkaloids: Brucine and Strychnine | SP Singh, VI Stenberg, SS Parmar… | 1979 | Journal of Pharmaceutical … | The natural abundance 13 C-NMR spectra of brucine and strychnine were obtained using the pulse Fourier transform technique. The chemical shifts of various carbon resonances … |
| Fourier transform carbon‐13 NMR spectra of ampyrone and aminopyrine | SP Singh, SA Farnum, VI Stenberg… | 1979 | Journal of … | The natural abundance 13C‐NMR spectra of ampyrone and aminopyrine were obtained using the pulse Fourier transform technique. The chemical shifts were assigned with the … |
| 13C‐NMR spectra of α‐adrenergic blocking agents | SP Sing, SS Parmar, SA Farnum, VI Stenberg | 1979 | Journal of Pharmaceutical … | The natural abundance 13 C‐NMR spectra of five α‐adrenergic blocking agents, tolazoline, dibenamine, azapetine, phenoxybenzamine, and phentolamine, are reported. The chemical … |
| Evaluation of solvents for carbon-13 nmr analysis of solvent-refined coals. sym-Triazine a new carbon-13 nmr solvent | K Saito, RJ Baltisberger, KJ Klabunde, VI Stenberg… | 1979 | Fuel | Solvent-refined lignite (SRL) and bituminous coals (SRC) are only partially soluble in good standard carbon-13 nmr solvents. A survey of other possible solvents for SRLs and SRCs … |
| Solubility increase of coal-derived liquids by silylation and acetylation: intermolecular hydrogen bonding | KM Patel, VI Stenberg, RJ Baltisberger, NF Woolsey… | 1980 | Fuel; (United Kingdom) | The solubility of solvent-refined coal and solvent-refined lignite increased from 25-60 wt% to 80-100 wt% in benzene and chloroform upon either acetylation or silylation. Evidence is … |
| Carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of substituted‐s‐triazolyl tetrazoles | PJ Kothari, VI Stenberg, SP Singh… | 1980 | Journal of …, | The natural abundance carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of various 5‐ aryltetrazoles, 1‐(5‐aryltetrazol‐2‐ylacetyl)‐4‐phenyl thiosemicarbazides and 5‐(5 … |
| Assignments of Carbon-13 NMR Chemical Shifts of 1-(N-Piperidinoacetyl)-4-arylthiosemicarbazides | SP Singh, RE Campbell Jr, VI Stenberg… | 1980 | Spectroscopy …, | Chemical shifts of the various carbon resonances of 1-(N-piperidinoacetyl)-4- arylthiosemicarbazides have been assigned. The assignments are based on chemical shift … |
| Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of 5-(3, 4, 5-Trimethoxyphenyl)-4-Aryl-3-Hydrazinocarbonylmethylthio-4H-1, 2, 4-Triazoles | SP Singh, RE Campbell Jr, VI Stenberg… | 1980 | Spectroscopy …, | The natural abundance carbon-13 NMR chemical shifts of some 5-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenyl)- 4-aryl-3-hydrazinocarbonylmethylthio-4H-1, 2, 4-triazoles are reported. The chemical shifts … |
| Synthesis of some newer 5‐(5‐aryl‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐ylmethyl)‐4‐substituted‐s‐triazole‐3‐thiols as possible antiinflammatory agents | …, SP Singh, SS Parmar, VI Stenberg | 1980 | Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry | Abstract Several 1‐(5‐aryl‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐ylacetyl)‐4‐substituted thiosemicarbazides and 5‐(5‐aryl‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐yl‐methyl)‐4‐substituted‐s‐triazole‐3‐thiols were synthesized as … |
| Synthesis of 5‐(1‐naphthylmethyl)‐4‐aryl‐s‐triazol‐3‐thiols/ylthioglycolic acids as possible antiinflammatory agents | …, SP Singh, SS Parmar, VI Stenberg | 1980 | Journal of … | Abstract Several 5‐(1‐naphthylmethyl)‐4‐aryl‐s‐triazol‐3‐thiols/ylthioglycolic acids were synthesized as possible anti‐inflammatory agents. The interpretation of infrared, nuclear … |
| Photochemistry of alkaloids | SP Singh, VI Stenberg, SS Parmar | 1980 | Chemical Reviews | During the last few decades, a number of review articles on the various aspects of organic photochemistry, both mechanistic and preparative, have appeared in the literature. So far … |
| Paramagnetic carbon monoxide on magnesium oxide | …, NF Woolsey, VI Stenberg | 1980 | Journal of the … | Upon exposure of thermally activated MgO to CO, a paramagnetic species is produced at room temperature. A variety of experiments have been carried out in order to elucidate the … |
| Separation and characterization of lignite derived preasphaltenes by gel permeation chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry | …, JW Rovang, NF Woolsey, VI Stenberg | 1981 | Am. Chem. Soc | Preasphaltenes for purposes of this study are defined as that portion of a lignite derived product which is soluble in tetrahydrofuran but insoluble in toluene. The preasphaltenes … |
| Quantitative FT 13C nmr of solvent-refined coals using sym-triazine as solvent | K Saito, RJ Baltisberger, VI Stenberg, NF Woolsey | 1981 | Fuel | Aromaticities (fa) determined for several solvent-refined coals (SRC) by 13C nmr in sym- triazine solution and by the Brown and Ladner 1H nmr technique have been found to be the … |
| Conversion of solvent refined lignite into premium liquid fuels. Annual report, January-December, 1980 | RJ Baltisberger, VI Stenberg, KJ Klabunde… | 1981 | osti.gov | Comparison of three preasphaltene samples separated from three lignite derived samples obtained from GFETC prepared at 404, 460 and 480/sup 0/C shows that increased … |
| Chemistry and biological activity of thiazolidinones | SP Singh, SS Parmar, K Raman, VI Stenberg | 1981 | Chemical Reviews | K. Antiviral Activity 199 L. Herbicidal Activity 199 VIII. References 200 preparation of thiazolidinone derivatives and reactions have been reported in the literature … |
| Formic acid and the high-temperature reductive desulfurization of aromatic sulfides | …, NF Woolsey, VI Stenberg | 1982 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | When diphenyl sulfide is heated with formic acid to 450 C, it is converted to benzene, toluene, thiophenol, thioanisole, and benzoic acid. By increasing the time of reaction … |
| Hydrogen sulfide catalysis of low rank coal liquefaction | VI Stenberg, RJ Baltisberger, T Ogawa… | 1982 | Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem … | Data are presented for reduction of bibenzyl, diphenylmethane, and diphenyl sulfide by H/sub 2/S which indicate that the chemical reactions are of more than one type. The H/sub … |
| Use of acetylation and 14C-counting to quantitate hydroxyl groups in preasphaltenes and asphaltenes from coal hydrogenation | RJ Baltisberger, KM Patel, NF Woolsey, VI Stenberg | 1982 | Fuel | A method is described for the quantitative acetylation of coal-derived fuels primarily composed of preasphaltenes (toluene-insoluble materials) and asphaltenes (toluene … |
| HIGH ACTIVITY OF MoO3–SnO2 FOR HYDROCRACKING OF DIPHENYL ETHER AND DIPHENYLMETHANE | VI Stenberg, VR Srinivas, K Tanabe, T Jin… | 1982 | Chemistry … | Of four newly synthesized catalysts designed for coal liquefaction, MoO3–SnO2 was superior for use with diphenyl ether and diphenylmethane with either H2 or CO+ H2O. This … |
Mechanisms leading to process improvements in lignite liquefaction using CO and H2S | EA Sondreal, WG Wilson, VI Stenberg | 1982 | Fuel, 1982 – Elsevier | Optimum distillate yields from US lignites can be as high on a dry, ash-free basis as those |
| Reductive cleavage mechanism of diphenyl ether and apparent ipso trapping of an intermediate radical anion with a silyl ether | KM Patel, RJ Baltisberger, VI Stenberg… | 1982 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | Chemical evidence for a radical anion mechanism in the case of reductive cleavage of diphenyl ether under Na/HMPA conditions is reported. The product phenyl radical abstracts … |
| Dealkylation of N, N-dimethylaniline with sulphur and hydrogen sulphide | VI Stenberg, VR Srinivas, P Sweeny, RJ Baltisberger… | 1983 | Fuel | Dealkylation of N,N-dimethylaniline with sulphur and hydrogen sulphide Page 1 Dealkylation of N,N-dimethylaniline with sulphur and hydrogen sulphide Virgil I. Stenberg *, V. I?. Srinivas … |
| Recent advances in catalysis of lignite liquefaction | JR Rindt, WG Wilson, VI Stenberg | 1983 | osti.gov | Distillate yields from US lignites can be as high on a moisture and ash-free basis as those obtained from bituminous coals, when vacuum bottoms are recycled. Lignites are more … |
| Benzophenone reduction using sulphur-based additives | VI Stenberg, D Wettlaufer, RJ Baltisberger… | 1983 | Fuel | Pyrite and γ-Fe2S3 are the best of the mineral promotors tried for the CO—H2O reduction of benzophenone to diphenylmethane. A mixture of ferrous sulphide and sulphur matches the … |
| Denitrogenation. Novel high-temperature reactions of N, N-dimethylaniline | VI Stenberg, VR Srinivas, RJ Baltisberger… | 1983 | The Journal of … | Introduction Nitrogen removal studies are important for denitrogenation in petroleum and coal conversion technologies. iV^ V-Dimethylaniline was selected as an appropriate model … |
| Homogeneous catalysis of lignite liquefaction with hydrogen sulfide | GG Baker, WG Willson, BW Farnum, VI Stenberg | 1983 | osti.gov | Based on our tests to date we can summarize our thoughts on H/sub 2/S addition as follows: the incorporation of sulfur into distillable products is minimal and occurs as elemental sulfur … |
Hydrocracking of diphenylmethane: Roles of H2S and pyrrhotite | VI Stenberg, T Ogawa, WG Willson, D Miller | 1983 | Fuel, 1983 – Elsevier | To define the roles of H2S and pyrrhotite in high temperatures employed for normal coal |
| Nitrogen photochemistry. Syn and anti isomers of semicarbazones | VI Stenberg, PA Barks, D Bays… | 1983 | The Journal of … | The syn and anti sets of isomers of several different phenyl ketone semicarbazones have been isolated, and the structural formulas have been assigned. Evidence is presented which … |
| The role of noncovalent bonding in coal | VI Stenberg, RJ BALTISBERGER, KM Patal, K RAMAN… | 1983 | -Coal Science | The primary structure of coal is principally aromatic in nature, with about 55–90% aromatic carbon. The ring positions are mostly occupied by carbon atoms, although … |
| Novel liquefaction solvent: H2O-H2S | VI Stenberg, RD Hei, PG Sweeny, J Nowok… | 1984 | Amer. Chem. Soc | This article describes the use of H//2O-H//2S as a substitute for organic slurrying solvents. The philosophy for doing so is that the water fulfills the role of the slurrying liquid and H//2S … |
| [PDF] New iron oxide catalyst reduction activities with hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen | …, LJ Radonovich, VI Stenberg | 1984 | University of North Dakota Energy Research Center and the Department of Chemistry | NEW IRON OXIDE CATALYST REDUCTION ACTIVITIES WITH HYDROGEN SULFIOE AND HYDROGEN Page 1 NEW IRON OXIDE CATALYST REDUCTION ACTIVITIES WITH HYDROGEN … |
Synthesis of 5-aryl-2H-tetrazoles, 5-aryl-2H-tetrazole-2-acetic acids, and [(4-phenyl-5-aryl-4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) thio] acetic acids as possible superoxide scavengers … | …, DA Wasdahl, AC Wolfson, VI Stenberg | 1984 | Journal of medicinal … | A series of 5-aryl-2H-tetrazoles, 5-aryl-2H-tetrazole-2-acetic acids, and [(4-phenyl-5-aryl-4H- l, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) thio] acetic acids were synthesized and tested in vitro for … |
Hydrocracking of diphenylmethane | T Ogawa, VI Stenberg, PA Montano | 1984 | 1984 – Elsevier | This study presents the role of H2S other than H-transfer catalyst in the hydrocracking of |
| Catalytic activity of ethylene-bridged aminoacid-copper (II) complexes for the dismutation of superoxide | BM Katz, VI Stenberg | 1985 | Polyhedron | Copper complexes of bridged ethylene derivatives of the aminoacids leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, glycine and 2-methylalanine showed marked differences in their ability to … |
| H2S optimization for lignite liquefaction | WG Willson, R Hei, D Riskedahl, VI Stenberg | 1985 | Fuel | Two lignite samples, Beulah No. 3 and Big Brown No. 1, were liquefied at 420° C using H2 and synthesis gas to determine the optimum beneficial amount of H2S in the batch … |
| Thermolysis of bibenzyl: roles of sulfur and hydrogen sulfide | VI Stenberg, RD Hei | 1985 | The Journal of Organic Chemistry | The presence of sulfur in the thermolysis of bibenzyl considerably reduces the severityof the conditions required to cleave the aliphatic carbon-carbon bond. Bibenzylrapidly reacts with … |
| Role of iron sulfides stoichiometry in the direct liquefaction of coal | PA Montano, VI Stenberg | 1985 | osti.gov | It is found that the stoichiometry of the iron sulfides is determined by the H/sub 2/S partial pressure and that greater activity is observed when the surface is rich in vacancies. There is … |
| Radicals in coals during pyrolysis in relation to liquefaction conversion | VI Stenberg, MB Jones, NJ Suwarnasarn | 1985 | Fuel, 1985 – Elsevier | The increase in radical concentration as measured by esr on pyrolysis of nine lignites, two subbituminous coals and one bituminous coal was studied. No correlation was found … |
| Hydrocracking of diphenyl ether: roles of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur | VI Stenberg, PG Sweeny | 1986 | Industrial & engineering chemistry … | Diphenyl ether Is converted to benzene, phenol, thiophenol, dibenzofuran, diphenyl sulfide, diphenyl disulfide, thianthrene, and polymeric products when reacted with H2S and/or Sat … |
| Status of direct liquefaction of low-rank coal | VI Stenberg | 1986 | osti.gov | This report consists of the following chapters:(1) effects of operating parameters on the liquefaction of low-rank coals and preferred conditions for distillate yield and operability;(2) … |
| [CITATION] Novel liquefaction solvent: H2O H2S | VI Stenberg, J Nowok | 1986 | Fuel processing technology | The liquefaction solvent has two roles to fulfill:(1) as a slurrying liquid for the coal which enables slurry compression into a continuous flow reactor, and (2) as a hydrogen shuttler … |
| Novel liquefaction solvent H/sub 2/OH/sub 2/S: Quarterly report No. 9, 9-15-86 through 12-14-86.[Dihydrophenanthrene and A04-SRCMD (low volatile organic oils)] | VI Stenberg | 1986 | osti.gov | Thus far, the conclusions on the use of H/sub 2/OH/sub 2/S are: the presence of a small amount of H/sub 2/S enhances the as-defined yields in H/sub 2/O; the distillate, oil, and THF … |
| Mechanism of the hydrogen-sulphidepromoted cleavage of the coal model compounds: diphenyl ether, diphenylmethane and bibenzyl | RD Hei, PG Sweeny, VI Stenberg | 1986 | 1986 – Elsevier | Hydrogen sulphide is shown to cleave the model coal compounds: diphenyl ether, diphenylmethane and bibenzyl with the major products being phenol and thiophenol … |
| In situ study of the hydrogenation of diphenyl ether in the presence of pyrrhotite and hydrogen sulfide | PA Montano, VI Stenberg… | 1986 | The Journal of Physical … | In the present study we report the results of measurements of the conversion of diphenyl ether to benzene and phenols in the presence of a pyrrohotite catalyst. In situ … |
| ESR study of pyrrhotite iron vacancies and the adsorption of CO and H2S | J Nowok, VI Stenberg | 1987 | Applied surface science, | he ESR spectra were determined for pyrrhotite in vacuum, under CO, H 2 S and a CO/H 2 S mixture. The singlet signal observed in vacuum at room temperature is split into a doublet in … |
| EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE PROGRAMMING ON THE LIQUEFACTION OF INDIANHEAD LIGNITE IN AN INORGANIC (H//2S-H//2O) SOLVENT SYSTEM | …, ME Martin-Schwan, VI Stenberg | 1987 | Am. Chem. Soc. Div … | High conversions can now be achieved using lower reactor temperatures and a temperature programming technique. Various temperature programs using times between 7. 5 and 60 … |
| Novel liquefaction solvent H/sub 2/OH/sub 2/S Quarterly report No. 10, 12-15-86 through 3-14-87.[Dihydrophenanthrene; A04-SRCMD low volatile organic oils] | VI Stenberg | 1987 | osti.gov | The conclusions on the use of H/sub 2/OH/sub 2/S solvents are: the presence of a small amount of H/sub 2/S enhances the as-defined yields in H/sub 2/O; the distillate, oil, and THF … |
Hydrocracking of diphenyl ether and diphenylmethane in the presence of iron sulphides and hydrogen sulphide | PG Sweeny, VI Stenberg, RD Hei, PA Montano | 1987 | Fuel, 1987 – Elsevier | The reactions of diphenyl ether (DPE) and diphenylmethane (DPM) with hydrogen, |
| Fe (III) ESR-signal splitting in unoxidized and oxidized semimagnetic pyrrhotite, Fe7S8 | J Nowok, VI Stenberg | 1988 | Solid state communications | Abstract The characteristic Fe (III) ESR-signal of unoxidized pyrrhotite which occurs at g= 3.10, in an alternating magnetic field, is influenced by exchange fields from unpaired … |
| Low severity lignite liquefaction: temperature programming to 350° C in an inorganic solvent system | VI Stenberg, V Gutenkunst, J Nowok, PG Sweeny | 1989 | Fuel | High conversions of Indian Head lignite into THF-soluble products can now be achieved using a temperature programming technique. Various temperature programmes using times … |
| Thermal analysis of coals using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry | SK Janikowski, VI Stenberg | 1989 | 1989 – Elsevier | Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry and differential thermogravimetry studies have been performed on 10 different coals: four lignite, four subbituminous and two … |
| Temperature programmed aqueous liquefaction extended to supercritical conditions | PG Sweeny, V Gutenkunst, J Nowok, VI Stenberg | 1991 | Fuel | Temperature programming of liquefaction reactors is further refined for increasing coal liquefaction yields by matching radical production rates with the slurring medium’s ability to … |